
Until the 3rd of Tammuz 1994, all Lubavitch (Chabad) Chassidim, and many Jews around the world, believed the Rebbe to be Moshiach. Thereafter, once nature apparently shredded mystical expectations and took its course on the aging, ailing rabbi, that belief disintegrated for most Jews, although a considerable number of his Chassidim continue to have faith he lives on as King Moshiach; As if nothing changed for the Rebbe; Only how we see the Rebbe has changed.
Until the Sabbath day of Chayei-Sarah in 1992, Jewry had Maimonides to guide them in how to prepare for Moshiach. A Jew, he said, must
"... believe in Moshiach ... he will come any day, and even if he tarries, ... still await him." After that Sabbath day, however, the Rebbe ratcheted up this long-held faith from a rather dormant, inactive state to an alert, more watchful mindset. In that momentous talk, the Rebbe said, in effect, that "awaiting" Moshiach was over. From now on, he said,
"Your task is - to receive the countenance of Moshiach!"(
לקבל פני משיח)
Whereas Maimonides just mentioned the bare word "Moshiach", the Rebbe added to this and spoke of the "Countenance of Moshiach". Maimonides used the passive verb to "wait for"; The Rebbe, on the other hand, used the active verb "to receive". He transformed the preparation for Moshiach from a hopefulness to a pursuit.
As the Rebbe once said to Chief Rabbi of Israel, Mordechai Eliyahu, ע''ה, in 1992, "
The redemption stands at the threshold of the door and awaits for every Jew to open the door and drag the redemption into the door!"
Intuitively, for those who regard the Rebbe as Moshiach and not just as of peak-profile personality, the Rebbe's words resonate clearly. They figure it means -
acknowledging the Rebbe as Moshiach. As if to say, "The only thing remaining for Jews to do is to accept Moshiach for who he is!"
But the Rebbe's choice of words still leaves enough room for ambiguity for those less inclined to deem him as the Moshiach.
Had he just come out vaguely and said our task is, "to receive Moshiach" (
לקבל משיח), there would have been no point to it. How can we "receive" someone we don't know? Just saying "receive Moshiach" removes the identity factor. It would make no sense pointing to a generic Messianic figure and leave his listeners in a lurch to receive someone they don't recognize.
On the other hand, the Rebbe did not want to just come out and say "I am Moshiach" (explained
here). So instead,
he used this indirect figure of speech to say the same thing!This roundabout way of issuing the order, then, (i.e., by invoking the phrase "to receive
the countenance of Moshiach")
may well be an ingenious way to say the same thing, although it begs clarification.
Countenance (
פני) in Hebrew means "face", as if to say "accept him - he whom you recognize". It can also mean "inner essence", as if to say "accept him - and what he stands for". Or, a third meaning of
לקבל פני is "to greet someone", as if to say "prepare to greet him". Since no single definition holds sway, perplexity can slip into ambiguity and at worst leave an abstract imprint.
The overall impression the Rebbe left on those denying he meant himself was, on its own, not bad. They felt he meant that emissaries (and all Jews whom they can influence) shift their yearnings for Moshiach into high gear and imbue this new aspect in an all-encompassing way. How? By delving into Moshiach literature and to anticipate the Era of Redemption soon to happen. And, furthermore, this attitude and expectation should infuse us with gusto to prepare for Moshiach's arrival. And while Chabad itself was already percolating with this expectant energy, especially in the latter years, it must now trickle through to embrace and galvanize all of world Jewry.
With such a glorious agenda, the identity of Moshiach could be safely sidelined!
But the Rebbe never used words that lacked precision. And the above identity-free understanding of "receiving Moshiach" may not be the entire sweep of the Rebbe's words. He meant to say something of great import, even of earth-shaking import because his whole speech was pushing a new mission. He demanded of all his emissaries to adopt a new mindset from which to project upon all with whom they come in contact from now on. No matter what their functions had been, from now on a new mission supersedes all previous communication. The emissary must reconfigure his approach to imbue first and foremost this new approach the Rebbe set forth that eventful day. If this new approach cannot
penetrate every interaction and aspect of the emissary's functions, he will have failed in his mission! It stands to reason this means to get all his contacts to eventually accept the Rebbe as Moshiach.
It was a new mission not because it did not exist before; It was new because, whereas before it could accompany other campaigns, henceforth it became
the kernel of
all campaigns, the focus of light that projected through onto all other missions
to bind them all collectively into a new singularly vital perspective.
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I personally struggled to determine the Rebbe's clear intent of that statement since 20 years ago. Recently it occurred to me I might have hit upon something significant, recalling the phrase "receiving the countenance" we find elsewhere in Jewish tradition. We find it in the Jewish custom of making a "reception of countenances" (
קבלת פנים) between bride and groom, as the precursor ceremony just prior to the wedding's canopy ceremony.
What is this ceremony for? Bride and groom had seen each other and courted before and vowed to each other their loyalty to pursue a marriage together. Then, during the week before this ceremony, they must not see each other. After that week, the "reception of countenances" serves as the occasion in which they meet for one last time before the knot is tied. Here they accept each other formally and explicitly. This final face-to-face meeting before marriage has become the traditional Jewish formality.
Now imagine, if you will, that instead of seeing the expected bride (or groom), another person was there in their stead. Imagine the uproar that would cause. Because this last prenuptial meeting serves to give the okay, before witnesses, for the wedding to proceed as planned. It constitutes their mutual, formal acceptances - after which they join in blissful marriage.
It is the same with the Rebbe's message. We knew who he was until that Sabbath. But, from now on, said the Rebbe, take your "knowledge" or "acceptance" - to a higher level. As long as you remain on this lower level of commitment, it can drag on. If you want the Era of Redemption (the "marriage to Redemption") to materialize, then know that from now on your task is, through and through, to imbue it all with "accepting my countenance"; As if to say, "Just as sure as bride and groom will next be under the canopy, so too we can already enter into the Era of Ultimate Redemption if you formally accept me as your Moshiach."
This is the mindset the Rebbe wanted all his emissaries to accept and project upon all with whom they came into contact. This would be the way to speed up the timetable for Moshiach's final revelation. Without a significant mass of Jews to acknowledge his sovereignty over them, the Rebbe cannot declare and force himself upon his folk. The Jews must appoint the king, and not that the king must forcefully coerce his flock to follow. (Would the groom forcefully pull the bride to the canopy when she refuses to go along?)
Here's
my translation of the Rebbe's opening remarks
[upon which he elaborated from beginning to end] that day:
"Inasmuch as now we open the International Conference of Emissaries - emissaries of the Previous Rebbe, the leader of our generation [the Rebbe always invoked the Previous Rebbe as the generation's leader, but we know it certainly meant himself], emissaries from the entire world, from all its 4 corners [note the far reaches he means to project this message] - we need, first and foremost, to take account of its foundation [from now on to establish a new perspective] and to dispatch the mission of the emissaries in this generation, generally speaking, and specifically - the newness in the outreach mission that very recently accrued [every leader of the generation, from Moses until today, receives timely missions for the generation to accomplish, as Hashem sees appropriate for this point in history]: To receive the countenance of Moshiach [here the Rebbe coins this new mantra] our righteous, in the Era of the True Redemption."He then spells out how this all-important fundamental must penetrate the core of every function the emissary partakes in, and if the emissary fails to operate in this mode - which he should do with every fiber in his body and power of his soul - he effectively forfeits his role as being the Rebbe's emissary.
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Yet another time we find the phrase "accepting the countenance of" happens in the Shabbat song of Lecha Dodi:
(
לכה דודי לקראת כלה פני שבת נקבלה).
Here too the hymn's theme revolves around a bride - the "Shabbat bride". What is the point of this "going out to greet" when the meeting is sure to happen anyway? Because you do not wait for her to come to you - you
go out and greet her! You do not wait
passively for her to arrive - you
take action by going out and greeting her before she even gets to you on her own.
You go out of your way to advance her arrival!Shabbat as a holiday reflects eternity - the utopia the world is destined for, the period for which its existence of near 6,000 years was created for in the first place. It is the period ushered in by none other than Moshiach.

A telling story relates to "accepting the countenance of" and the Lecha Dodi. The Rebbe told this story in 1958 (Shimini). On Fridays the Arizal would always towards evening take his students into the fields of Tsfat to greet the advancing Shabbat. One Friday he requested his disciples to escort him to Jerusalem to greet the Shabbat there. This meant under his powers they could make this rather long trip in miraculous time. Many agreed on the spot; Others however said they first need to consult their wives. The Arizal let them know the lack of unanimous spontaneity to follow him squandered the opportunity for world Jewry to advance, right then and there, their final redemption! In other words, the lack of total devotion and faith in the leader of the generation, which expressed itself in the guise of good rationale (such as "peace with the wife"), forestalled for many centuries the coming of Moshiach!
Why did they not wholeheartedly accept his words? Because their intellect interfered with total submission to the leader of the generation. Similarly in the Rebbe's case; People's "intellectual" resistance interferes for that which should pour forth spontaneously - were their mindsets calibrated for Moshiach's arrival
now!
Unfortunately, many cannot suspend their own intellect in favor of the generation leader's wishes; They have to go and ask their own opinion, as it were, in spite of the Rebbe's request to accept him. They can think of superior reasons to doubt the Rebbe at his words, so why cast rationale aside? As for this paramount issue of Moshiach, so paramount that the entire universe was created for this singular purpose, they can afford to leave that for another day!
The Rebbe wants to advance the arrival of Moshiach; He tells us how, and urges us on beyond the passive waiting Maimonides spoke about. He knows he now holds the rank of Moshiach. He stays concealed but longs to come out from behind nature's veil. He wants to be greeted! For no Jewish king can reign without a people wanting him as their king. But alas how hard it is to rid the Jew of his inner exile, how hard it is to deprive him of his appetite for that which the Gentile world sets their daily table with.
The first time Jews were redeemed, they were whisked out of Egyptian exile in one day, on the first day of Passover 3,324 years ago. That redemption left many Jews behind. Those unwilling to leave never left. If this time the redemption process takes a slower pace, it may well be because so many have the exile mentality they are unwilling to abandon, and, as the Rebbe assured us, every Jew will be taken aboard this time around, without no Jew left behind, on this trip into the Era of Final and Ultimate Redemption.
If you see this phrase of
לקבל פני משיח in a different light, please let me know.
Some disquieting questions emerge with this "insight":
Take the fact that groom and bride cannot see each other for a week before the
קבלת פנים. Eerily, this appears to hint at the situation we face today, where the leader of the generation seems to be leading but cannot be seen - eerily in the sense that the Rebbe foresaw this trial period of "darkness" - a period of the Rebbe's disappearance from the world's theater, and we have to withstand the trial and pass the test it for the purpose of making a
קבלת פנים as the precursor to the real festive ceremony immediately to follow, namely, the Era of Final and Ultimate Redemption.
Another eerie aspect of this allusion: The groom during the
קבלת פנים comes to cover the bride's face, but not until he first sees her. Remember how Yaakov was duped into marrying Leah instead of Rachel? With us too, then, the idea is to identify Moshiach for who he is, but tempting us with darkness to make us believe the Rebbe forfeited his role to usher us under the canopy of the Era of the Final, Ultimate Redemption.